This textbook contains basic information on the main sections of fundamental and clinical neurology and neurosurgery. It provides up-to-date information on the anatomy, development and morphofunctional foundations of the nervous system; semiotics of neurological disorders; methods of examination of patients. The material on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of the most signifi cant and common diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system is presented; the fundamental principles of their topical and nosological diagnosis are laid down. Modern approaches to the prevention and treatment (conservative and surgical) of the main forms of neurological pathology, issues of rehabilitation and medical and social expertise are highlighted. The textbook is intended for medical students, junior physicians and residents studying neurology and neurosurgery.